ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Neodexiopsis Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae) is a member of the subfamily Coenosiinae, with more than a hundred species recorded in the Neotropical region. In Ecuador, it is known by four species, which may be an underestimated number. We describe five new species based on recently collected material: Neodexiopsis bicoloratta new species, N. longialata new species, N. nigrocalyptrata new species, N. plana new species, and N. secunda new species. A key to segregating all the recorded species from Ecuador is presented. The male and female terminalia of the new species were dissected and illustrated. Images of the habitus of the adult from the new species are presented.
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ABSTRACT The SISBIOTA-BRASIL was a three-year multimillion-dollar research program of the Brazilian government to document plants and animals in endangered/understudied areas and biomes in Brazil. Distributional patterns and the historical events that generated them are extensively unknown regarding Brazilian fauna and flora. This deficiency hinders the development of conservation policies and the understanding of evolutionary processes. Conservation decisions depend on precise knowledge of the taxonomy and geographic distribution of species. Given such a premise, we proposed to research the diversity of Diptera of the Brazilian western arc of Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal in the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Rondônia. Three important biomes of the South American continent characterize these Brazilian states: Amazon forest, Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah), and Pantanal. Besides their ecological relevance, these biomes historically lack intensive entomological surveys. Therefore, they are much underrepresented in the Brazilian natural history collections and in the scientific literature, which is further aggravated by the fact that these areas are being exponentially and rapidly converted to commercial lands. Our project involved over 90 collaborators from 24 different Brazilian institutions and one from Colombia among researchers, postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students, and technicians. We processed and analyzed nearly 300,000 specimens from ~60 families of Diptera collected with a large variety of methods in the sampled areas. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the genera and species diversity of 41 families treated. Our results point to a total of 2,130 species and 514 genera compiled and identified for the three states altogether, with an increase of 41% and 29% in the numbers of species and genera known for the three states combined, respectively. Overall, the 10 most species-rich families were Tachinidae, Cecidomyiidae, Tabanidae, Psychodidae, Sarcophagidae, Stratiomyidae, Bombyliidae, Syrphidae, Tephritidae, and Asilidae. The 10 most diverse in the number of genera were Tachinidae, Stratiomyidae, Asilidae, Mycetophilidae, Syrphidae, Tabanidae, Muscidae, Dolichopodidae, Sarcophagidae, and Chloropidae. So far, 111 scientific papers were published regarding taxonomic, phylogenetic, and biogeographical aspects of the studied families, with the description of 101 new species and three new genera. We expect that additional publications will result from this investigation because several specimens are now curated and being researched by specialists.
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ABSTRACT Nemorimyza Frey, 1946 (Diptera, Agromyzidae) is a genus of leaf-miner flies, with only five known species, some potentially polyphagous. Nemorimyza posticata (Meigen, 1830) is recorded from Brazil here for the first time. We provide a diagnosis of this species, including images of the male terminalia. We also provide a key for the five Neotropical species of the genus Nemorimyza, with host and distribution information for each species.
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ABSTRACT Hexapods, commonly known as insects, are a neglected taxonomic group in the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, with unanswered questions about their species richness and the ecological processes in which they are involved (e.g., colonization, introduction, establishment, and extinction). Herein, we provide an updated Hexapod checklist with current nomenclatural combinations. The entomofauna of the Fernando de Noronha archipelago is currently composed of 453 species in 21 orders. The orders, and their respective number of species, are: Blattaria (9), Coleoptera (118), Collembola (29), Dermaptera (3), Diplura (1), Diptera (134), Embioptera (1), Hemiptera (29), Hymenoptera (59), Isoptera (2), Lepidoptera (25), Mantodea (1), Neuroptera (3), Odonata (5), Orthoptera (11), Phasmatodea (1), Phthiraptera (6), Psocoptera (3), Siphonaptera (1), Thysanoptera (10), and Zygentoma (2). The archipelago has 263 new taxon records (family + genera + species). Thirty-eight species (3.39%) were described from local specimens and most of them are likely endemic species. This study more than doubles our knowledge (from the previous 190 records) of the entomofauna in this large Brazilian archipelago. This study also provides a baseline for studies on its conservation status and for implementing future environmental management programs.
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Abstract Here we describe three new species of Cordiluroides Albuquerque, one striking new species from Brazil, Minas Gerais, C. albitarsata sp. nov., and two from Peru, Cuzco, C. inca sp. nov. and C. wayqechensis sp. nov. Additionally, photographs from the types of C. listrata Albuquerque, 1954, C. megalopyga Albquerque, 1954 and C. insularis (Williston, 1896) are included. With the new species, Cordiluroides is now known from 11 species exclusively distributed in the Neotropical region with records from Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Saint Vincent, and Peru. We give an updated identification key to species from the Neotropical region. Finally, we describe for the first time the external morphology and genitalia of the Cordiluroides species using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images.
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ABSTRACT Drepanocnemis Stein (Diptera, Muscidae) is a small genus of flies that occur in high altitudes in the Colombian Andes, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Herein we describe Drepanocnemis aurifrons sp. nov. from Cuzco, Peru, which is found from high (2904 m) to lower altitudes (707 m). An updated phylogeny, key to species and map of species' distributions are provided, together with images and illustrations of the male and the female terminalia.
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Revision of the Neotropical genus Mulfordia Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae). The present paper provides a revision of Mulfordia Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae), including redescriptions of the genus and of its three species. The descriptions are complemented with illustrations of some characters to make the recognition of the species easier and to help the use of the key. The male terminalia of M. ferruginea Malloch is described for the first time.
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Insect galls of restinga areas of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This study carried out an insect gall inventory in restinga areas of Ilha da Marambaia, in the municipality of Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sampling was carried out monthly from April 2010 to March 2011 along the full extension of seven beaches. A total number of 147 gall morphotypes associated with 70 plant species were found, distributed in 33 plant families, and at least 54 genera. Myrtaceae was the botanical family with the highest richness of gall morphotypes and host species, followed by Bignoniaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Sapindaceae, and Malpighiaceae. Most of the gall morphotypes occurred in leaves (78 morphotypes), 38 in stems, 14 in flowers, eight in buds and fruits, and one in adventitious roots. The galling insects belong to the five orders: Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, and Thysanoptera. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) was the most common galling taxon (78 morphotypes), represented by 87 species, being 78 gallers, seven inquilines and two predators. In addition to the gallers, parasitoids, inquilines, and predators were also found.
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The striking species Apsil pennata Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae). Apsil pennata Malloch, 1934 is a singular species of a small group of predaceous muscids endemic to Patagonia and southern Chile. We present for the first time the description of the female, illustration of male and female terminalia, notes on their habitat and new records.
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Essays on the history of Brazilian dipterology. II. Notices about Brazilian Diptera (17th century). Notices from the Brazilian Diptera from the 17th century come mainly from two foreign invasions occurred in Brazil, the first one by the French in Maranhão and the second by the Dutch in northeastern Brazil. This paper includes reports of Fathers Claude d'Abbeville and Yves d'Evreux and from Piso and Marcgrave, the last two presenting the first illustrations of Brazilian Diptera. The paper also includes reports of Friar Laureano de la Cruz, Father João de Sotto Mayor and Maurício de Heriarte.
Ensaios sobre a história da Dipterologia brasileira. II. Notícias sobre os dípteros brasileiros (século XVII). Notícias dos dípteros brasileiros datadas do século XVII são provenientes principalmente de duas invasões estrangeiras ocorridas no Brasil, a primeira pelos franceses no Maranhão e a segunda pelos holandeses no nordeste do Brasil. Este artigo inclui uma súmula dos relatos dos padres Claude d'Abbeville, Yves d'Evreux e de Piso e Marcgrave, esses últimos consistindo nas primeiras ilustrações de dípteros brasileiros. Inclui ainda relatos de Frei Laureano de la Cruz, Padre João de Sotto Mayor e Maurício de Heriarte.
ABSTRACT
Desempenho do parasitóide Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) utilizando como hospedeiro Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae), sob diferentes tempos de exposição. Foram estudados o desenvolvimento pós-embrionário, a produtividade da pupa hospedeira, a taxa de parasitismo e a razão sexual de Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) criadas em pupas hospedeiras de Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius). Analisaram-se diferentes tempos de exposição: 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas. Fêmeas nulíparas foram individualizadas em tubos de ensaio contendo as pupas hospedeiras e tampados com algodão hidrófobo. Cada tratamento foi constituído de 10 repetições. Após a exposição, os himenópteros foram descartados e as pupas hospedeiras foram mantidas individualizadas. O controle consistiu de pupas de C. macellaria não expostas ao parasitismo utilizando-se o mesmo delineamento experimental. Os parasitóides apresentaram um desenvolvimento pós-embrionário mais lento com aumento do tempo de exposição. A exposição mais produtiva foi a de 72 horas. A razão sexual apresentou uma tendência ao nascimento de fêmeas após a exposição de 48 horas. A taxa de parasitismo apresentou crescimento até a exposição de 72 horas. A taxa de nascimento de dípteros também apresentou queda até o tempo de exposição de 72 horas.
The post-embryonic development, the productivity of the host pupae, the rate of parasitism and the sex ratio of Nasonia vitripennis reared in pupae of Cochliomyia macellaria were studied. Different exposition times were used: 24, 48, 72, 96 hours. Nulliparous females originating from the stock colony were individualized in test tubes covered with hydrophobic cotton and containing the host pupae. Each treatment was constituted by 10 replicates. After exposition, the hymenopterans were discarded and the host pupae were individualized in test tubes until the emergency of the adults of C. macellaria or N. vitripennis. Samples of host pupae not exposed to parasitism and receiving the same experimental treatment, were used as control. The parasitoids showed a slower development in relation to the increase exposition time. The 72 hours exposition was the one which enabled higher productivity. The sex ratio tended towards a deviation for the birth of females after 48 hour. The rate of parasitism increased up to 72 hours. The rate of dipteran's emergence showed a decrease until 72 hours.
ABSTRACT
A key to 51 Australasian and Oceanian genera of Muscidae is given. The Catalogue of Australasian and Oceanian Diptera and its on line version last reviewed in May 2007 were used as taxonomic guides. Some more recently synonyms and taxonomic changes were updated. For each genus, a brief diagnosis, number of valid species in these regions and comments, when pertinent, are also included. Some morphological diagnostic characteres are illustrated in order to help the use of the key.
Uma chave para 51 gêneros de Muscidae (Diptera) da Australásia e Oceania é apresentada. O catálogo de Diptera da Australásia e da Oceania e sua versão online com última revisão em maio de 2007 foram utilizados como guias taxonômicos. Alguns sinônimos e mudanças taxonômicas mais recentes foram acrescentados. Para cada gênero são incluídos uma breve diagnose, o número de espécies válidas para estas regiões e comentários, quando pertinentes. Alguns caracteres morfológicos diagnósticos são ilustrados para facilitar a utilização da chave.
ABSTRACT
The genus Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera, Conopidae) is represented by 14 species in the Afrotropical region, five of them endemic to Madagascar and two recorded from South Africa, one of them endemic. Fifteen specimens of Muscidae, 14 from Madagascar and one from South Africa, belonging to 10 species, impaled with Stylogaster eggs were examined. Among them, three new muscid host species were found. The dissected eggs were all similar, suggesting the presence of the same species in both localities, what is not recorded until now. The available data on the dipteran Stylogaster eggs hosts in Africa is summarized. Color photos of the material examined are presented.
O gênero Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera, Conopidae) é representado por 14 espécies na região Afrotropical, cinco delas endêmicas para Madagascar e duas assinaladas na África do Sul, uma delas endêmica. Quinze exemplares de Muscidae, 14 de Madagascar e um da África do Sul, pertencentes a 10 espécies, empalados com ovos de Stylogaster foram examinados. Entre eles, três novas espécies hospedeiras de muscidae foram encontradas. Os ovos dissecados eram todos similares, sugerindo a presença da mesma espécie nas duas localidades, o que ainda não está registrado. As informações disponíveis sobre hospedeiros dípteros de ovos de Stylogaster na África são resumidas. Fotos coloridas do material examinado são apresentadas.
ABSTRACT
Seis ninhegos do Sanhaçu-cinzento, Thraupis sayaca albergaram 42 larvas de Philornis deceptiva durante o período reprodutivo, de agosto a outubro de 2006, no município de Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro. As larvas foram observadas a partir do 3º dia após a eclosão e colocadas em um recipiente plástico sendo seu ciclo de vida acompanhado até que emergissem. Trinta e duas larvas atingiram a fase adulta e foram preservadas em álcool a 70 por cento, para posterior identificação. Quatro ninhegos morreram antes de atingir a idade adulta. Eles estavam intensamente infestados por larvas de Philornis. No presente estudo apresentamos Thraupis sayaca como novo hospedeiro para Philornis deceptiva.
Six nestlings of the Sayaca Tanager, Thraupis sayaca sustained 42 larvae of Philornis deceptiva during its breeding period from August to October, 2006 in the municipality of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro. Larvae were observed since the 3rd day after hatching. They were taken off and put in an artificial nest into plastic box and their life cycle observed until emergence. Thirty-two larvae reached adult stage and were preserved in alcohol 70 percent for further identification. Four nestlings died before reaching adult stage. Four nestlings died before reaching adult stage. They were hard infesting by Philornis larvae. In this study we presented Thraupis sayaca as a new host for Philornis deceptiva.
Subject(s)
Birds , Diptera/parasitology , Host-Parasite Interactions , Ecosystem/analysis , Larva/parasitology , Myiasis , ReproductionABSTRACT
O desenvolvimento pós-embrionário, a produtividade da pupa, a taxa de parasitismo e a razão sexual de Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) criadas em pupas de Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) foram estudadas. Diferentes densidades do parasitóide foram utilizadas (proporções 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 e 5:1) com exposição de 72 horas. Fêmeas nulíparas originárias da colônia estoque foram individualizadas em tubos de ensaio cobertos com algodão hidrofóbico, contendo uma pupa hospedeira. Cada tratamento foi constituído de 10 repetições. Após a exposição, as vespas foram descartadas e as pupas hospedeiras foram individualizadas em tubos de ensaio até a emergência dos adultos de C. macellaria ou N. vitripennis. Amostras de pupas hospedeiras não expostas ao parasitismo e recebendo o mesmo tratamento experimental foram utilizadas como controle. O período pós-embrionário foi significativamente mais curto na proporção 2:1 (13,73 dias) e mais longo na relação 5:1. Os picos de emergência ocorreram no 14º dia após a exposição do parasitóide ao hospedeiro para todas as relações, com exceção da relação 4:1(13º dia). A produtividade de N. vitripennis não variou significativamente entre as diferentes proporções. Conforme o número de parasitóides aumentou foi observado uma maior duração do período do desenvolvimento pós-embrionário e um aumento na proporção de machos na prole. A taxa de parasitismo apresentou queda quando o hospedeiro foi exposto a cinco parasitóides.
The post-embryonic development, the productivity of the pupae, the rate of parasitism and the sexual ratio of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) reared in pupae of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) were studied. Different densities of the parasitoid were used (proportions 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1) with exposition of 72 hours. Nulliparous females originating from the stock colony were individualized in test tubes covered with hydrophobic cotton and containing the host pupae. Each treatment was constituted by 10 repetitions. After the exposition, the wasps were discarded and the host pupae were individualized in test tubes until the emergency of the adults of C. macellaria or N. vitripennis. Samples of host pupae not exposed to parasitism and receiving the same experimental treatment were used as control. The post-embryonic period was significantly shorter in the proportion of 2:1 (13,73 days) and longer in the relation of 5:1. The peaks of emergence occurred in the 14th day after the exposition of the parasitoid to the host in all relations, except for the relation of 4:1(13rd day). The productivity of N. vitripennis does not vary significantly among the different proportions. As the number of parasitoids grows, its post-embryonic development gets slower and the sexual ratio of males grows up. The rate of parasitism showed a decrease when the host was exposed to five parasitoids.
Subject(s)
Reproductive Behavior/classification , Pest Control, Biological/methods , Diptera , Host-Parasite Interactions , Parasites/classification , Wasps/classification , Wasps/parasitologyABSTRACT
Fly puparia and adult fragments of diptera muscid were found inside the esophagus of a mummified body from the early XIX century, buried inside the crypt of the Sacrament Church (Lisbon, Portugal). The identification of the material revealed a monospecific colonization by Ophyra capensis (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Muscidae), a species known to invade corpses in the ammoniacal fermentation wave. This species can be found in corpses kept indoors, not available to the early waves of blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae). In the present case, the number of pupae and their developmental stage suggest that the female invaded the mummified corpse through the partially opened mouth and the oviposition took place directly inside the esophagus. This is the first case of O. capensis infesting internal organs of an intact corpse. The use of chemical products for the embalming process probably explains why external colonization did not occur.
Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Female , History, 19th Century , Humans , Male , Esophagus/parasitology , Muscidae , Mummies/parasitology , Portugal , PupaABSTRACT
Este trabalho registra alguns dípteros da ilha de Fernando de Noronha (Pernambuco, Brasil), apresentando a riqueza das espécies e sua abundância. O material examinado foi coletado em julho de 1973. Oito famílias de Diptera, em um total de 11.515 indivíduos foram estudadas. Entre as famílias encontradas as sete seguintes são novos registros: Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Fanniidae, Stratiomyidae, Sepsidae, Otitidae e Tabanidae. As três primeiras e os Sarcophagidae (previamente registrada) foram identificadas até o nível de espécie. As famílias mais abundantes foram Sepsidae e Calliphoridae com mais de 80 por cento do total coletado, tendo Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) como espécie dominante.
This paper records some Diptera from the island of Fernando de Noronha (Pernambuco, Brazil), presenting the richness of species and their abundance. The material studied was collected in July 1973. Eight families of Diptera in a total of 11,515 specimens were studied. Among the families the following seven are new records: Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Fanniidae, Stratiomyidae, Sepsidae, Otitidae and Tabanidae. The first three and the Sarcophagidae (previously recorded) were identified to species level. The most abundant families were Sepsidae and Calliphoridae with more than 80 percent of the total collected, having Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775), as the dominant species.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Biodiversity , Diptera/classification , BrazilABSTRACT
The genus Heterostylum Macquart and five Neotropical species (H. ferrugineum (Fabricius, 1805), H. hirsutum (Thunberg, 1827), H. rufum (Olivier, 1789), H. haemorrhoicum (Loew, 1863) and H. pallipes Bigot, 1892) are redescribed. The other species, recently redescribed or described are only diagnosed, except for H. deani Painter, 1930, whose spermathecae are described and illustrated for the first time. The main characters of the external morphology were photographed and the male genitalia and female spermathecae illustrated. An identification key to all included species is also presented.
O gênero Heterostylum Macquart e cinco espécies Neotropicais (H. ferrugineum (Fabricius, 1805), H. hirsutum (Thunberg, 1827), H. rufum (Olivier, 1789), H. haemorrhoicum (Loew, 1863) e H. pallipes Bigot, 1892) são redescritas. As demais espécies recentemente redescritas ou descritas tem sua diagnose apresentada, com exceção de H. deani Painter, 1930, cuja espermateca foi descrita e ilustrada pela primeira vez. Os principais caracteres da morfologia externa foram fotografados e a genitália masculina e espermateca feminina ilustradas. Uma chave de identificação para todas as espécies também é apresentada.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Diptera/anatomy & histology , Diptera/classification , Demography/classification , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Nove espécies novas de Neodexiopsis Malloch do Paraná, sul do Brasil, são descritas: Neodexiopsis cinerea sp. nov. e N. paranaensis sp. nov. de Ponta Grossa; N. facilis sp. nov., N. legitima sp. nov., N. similis sp. nov. e N. uber sp. nov. de Guarapuava; N. erecta sp. nov., N. pura sp. nov. e N. rara sp. nov. de Colombo. É incluída também uma chave de identificacão das espécies brasileiras de Neodexiopsis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Muscidae/anatomy & histology , Muscidae/classification , BrazilABSTRACT
The first report of Philornis angustifrons and P. deceptiva infesting nests of Suiriri affinis and S. islerorum in area of Distrito Federal's savanna is presented. It is known that larvae of these species have a strict relationship of parasitism with birds. The pupae were collected after the abandonment of the nests and the flies emerged in a period of about 13 days.